Louisiana declared that it had seceded from the Union on January 26, 1861. and its government existed in the more rural areas. Much of the white population, particularly in the cities, supported slavery, while pockets of support for the U.S. By 1860, 47% of the state's population were enslaved, though the state also had one of the largest free black populations in the United States. By the time the United States acquired the territory (1803) and Louisiana became a state (1812), the institution of slavery was entrenched. In the antebellum period, Louisiana was a slave state, where enslaved African Americans had comprised the majority of the population during the eighteenth-century French and Spanish dominations. Louisiana was a dominant population center in the southwest of the Confederate States of America, controlling the wealthy trade center of New Orleans, and contributing the French Creole and Cajun populations to the demographic composition of a predominantly Anglo-American country.
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